Preprints
Topological constraints on self-organisation in locally interacting systems
Sacco, F., Sakthivadivel, D. A. R., Levin, M. (2025)
arXiv, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2501.13188
Field-mediated Bioelectric Basis of Morphogenetic Prepatterning: a computational study
Manicka, S., Levin, M. (2025)
OSF Preprints, doi:10.31219/osf.io/kshpv
Brains and Where Else? Mapping Theories of Consciousness to Unconventional Embodiments
Rouleau, N., Levin, M. (2025)
PsyArXiv Preprints, doi: 10.31234/osf.io/va5mk
Aging as a Loss of Goal-Directedness: An Evolutionary Simulation
Pio-Lopez, L., Hartl, B., Levin, M. (2024)
preprints.org, doi: 10.20944/preprints202412.2354.v1
Life, its origin, and its distribution: A perspective from the Conway-Kochen Theorem and the Free Energy Principle
Fields, C., Levin, M. (2024)
OSF Preprints, doi: 10.31234/osf.io/6smhc
Associative Conditioning in Gene Regulatory Network Models Increases Integrative Causal Emergence
Pigozzi, F., Goldstein, A., Levin, M. (2024)
OSF Preprints, doi:10.31219/osf.io/2bc4n
Identification of brain-like functional information architectures in embryonic tissue of Xenopus laevis
Varley, T. F., Pai, V. P., Grasso, C., Lunshof, J., Levin, M., Bongard, J. (2024)
bioRxiv 2024.12.05.627037; doi: 10.1101/2024.12.05.627037
Bio-inspired AI: Integrating Biological Complexity into Artificial Intelligence
Dehghani, N., Levin, M. (2024)
arxiv doi:10.48550/arXiv.2411.15243
Harnessing the analog computing power of regulatory networks with the Regulatory Network Machine
Pietak, A., Levin, M. (2024)
OSF Preprints, doi: 10.31219/osf.io/tb5ys
Heuristically Adaptive Diffusion-Model Evolutionary Strategy
Hartl, B., Zhang, Y., Hazan, H., Levin M. (2024)
arxiv doi:10.48550/arXiv.2411.13420
Cognitive Glues Are Shared Models of Relative Scarcities: The Economics of Collective Intelligence
Lyons, B. F., Levin, M. (2024)
OSF Preprints, doi: 10.31219/osf.io/3fdya
Robustness of the Mind-Body Interface: case studies of unconventional information flow in the multiscale living architecture
Kofman, K., Levin, M. (2024)
OSF Preprints 2024, doi: 10.31219/osf.io/fqm7r
The morphological, behavioral, and transcriptomic life cycle of Anthrobots
Gumuskaya, G., Davey, N., Srivastava, P., Bender, A., Pio-Lopez, L., Hazel, D., Levin, M. (2024)
OSF Preprints 2024, doi: 10.31219/osf.io/whm5u
Discussions of machine vs. living intelligence need more clarity
Levin, M., Rouleau, N. (2024)
OSF Preprints 2024, doi:10.31219/osf.io/gz3km
Temporal Depth in a Coherent Self and in Depersonalization: Theoretical Model
Tolchinsky, A., Levin, M., Chris Fields, C., Da Costa, L., Murphy, R., Friedman, D., Pincus, D. (2024)
OSF Preprints 2024, doi: 10.31219/osf.io/gjxhn
Bioelectric Characterization of Senescing Human Keratinocytes
Sediqi, H., Levin, M. (2024)
OSF Preprints 2024, doi: 10.31219/osf.io/py86e
Requirements for self organization
Sacco, F., Sakthivadivel, D., Levin, M. (2024)
Github 2024, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.8416764
Diffusion Models are Evolutionary Algorithms
Zhang, Y., Hartl, B., Hazan, H., Levin, M. (2024)
arxiv 2024, doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2410.02543
The multiscale wisdom of the body: collective intelligence as a tractable interface for next-generation biomedicine
Levin, M. (2024)
OSF Preprints 2024, doi: 10.31219/osf.io/yq9xe
Uncertainty Minimization and Pattern Recognition in Volvox Carteri and Volvox Aureus
Kuchling, F., Singh, I., Daga, M., Zec, S., Kunen, A., Levin, M. (2024)
OSF Preprints 2024 doi: 10.31219/osf.io/kdjtx
Xenobot Transcriptomics: Gene Expression Changes in wild-type cells forming a synthetic biobot
Pai, V. P., Pio-Lopez, L., Sperry, M. M., Erickson, P., Levin, M. (2024)
OSF Preprints, doi: 10.31219/osf.io/n2jre
The Role of Bioelectrical Patterns in Regulative Morphogenesis: An Evolutionary Simulation and Validation in Planarian Regeneration
Hansali, S., Pio-Lopez, L., LaPalme, J. V, Levin, M. (2024)
Preprints, 2024082041 doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2041.v1
The multiscale wisdom of the body: collective intelligence as a tractable interface for next-generation biomedicine
Levin, M. (2024)
OSF Preprints, doi:10.31219/osf.io/yq9xe
Open Problems in Synthetic Multicellularity
Sole, R., Conde, N., Pla Mauri, J., Garcia Ojalvo, J., Montserrat, N., Levin, M. (2024)
Preprints, doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1896.v1
Neuroevolution of Decentralized Decision-Making in N-Bead Swimmers Leads to Scalable and Robust Collective Locomotion
Hartl, B., Levin, M., Zöttl, A. (2024)
arxiv, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2407.09438
Universal Multilayer Network Embedding Reveals a Causal Link Between GABA Neurotransmitter and Cancer
Pio-Lopez, L., Levin, M. (2024)
Preprints, doi:10.31219/osf.io/d78wb
Revealing non-trivial information structures in aneural biological tissues via functional connectivity
Blackiston, D., Dromiack, H., Grasso, C., Varley, T. F., Moore, D. G., Srinivasan, K., Sporns, O., Bongard, J., Levin, M., Walker, S.I. (2024)
bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2024.05.09.593467
AI: a Bridge toward Diverse Intelligence and Humanity’s Future
Levin, M (2024)
PsyArXiv, doi:10.31234/osf.io/ez263
Evolutionary Implications of Multi-Scale Intelligence
Hartl, B., Risi, S., and Levin, M. (2024)
OSF Preprints, doi:10.31219/osf.io/sp9kf
Stress Sharing as Cognitive Glue for Collective Intelligences: a computational model of stress as a coordinator for morphogenesis
Shreesha, L., and Levin, M. (2024)
OSF Preprints, doi:10.31219/osf.io/9y8ku
Self-improvising Memories: a perspective on memories as agential, dynamically-reinterpreting cognitive glue
Levin, M. (2024)
OSF Preprints, doi:10.31219/osf.io/4b2wj
An ability to respond begins with inner alignment: How phase synchronisation effects transitions to higher levels of agency
Tissot, T., Levin, M., Buckley, C., and Watson, R. (2024)
bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2024.02.16.580248
Bioelectric Pharmacology of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Ion Channel Drugs Affecting the Cancer Phenotype
Kofman, K., and Levin, M. (2024)
OSF Preprints, doi:10.31219/osf.io/qkuvf
Classical Sorting Algorithms as a Model of Morphogenesis: self-sorting arrays reveal unexpected competencies in a minimal model of basal intelligence
Zhang, T., Goldstein, A., and Levin, M. (2023)
OSF Preprints, doi:10.31219/osf.io/e5d4u
AI-driven Automated Discovery Tools Reveal Diverse Behavioral Competencies of Biological Networks
Etcheverry, M., Moulin-Frier, C., Oudeyer, P.-Y., and Levin, M. (2023)
OSF Preprints, doi:10.31219/osf.io/s6thq
Programmable delivery of fluoxetine via wearable bioelectronics for wound healing in vivo
Li, H., Yang, H.-Y., Asefifeyzabadi, N., Baniya, P., Medina Lopez, A., Gallegos, A., Zhu, K., Hsieh, H.-C., Nguyen, T., Hernandez, C., Zlobina, K., Recendez, C., Tebyani, M., Carrión, H., Selberg, J., Luo, L., Alhamo, M. A., Soulika, A. M., Levin, M., Norouzi, N., Gomez, M., Zhao, M., Teodorescu, M., Isseroff, R. R., and Rolandi, M. (2023)
bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2023.10.10.561754
Requirements for self organization: What do you need to have a structure emerge spontaneously?
Sacco, F., Sakthivadivel, D., and Levin, M. (2023)
Github, doi:10.5281/zenodo.8416764
Machine Learning for Hypothesis Generation in Biology and Medicine: Exploring the latent space of neuroscience and developmental bioelectricity
O’Brien, T., Stremmel, J., Pio-Lopez, L., McMillen, P., Rasmussen-Ivey, C., and Levin, M. (2023)
OSF Preprints, doi:10.31219/osf.io/269e5
SBMLtoODEjax: efficient simulation and optimization of ODE SBML models in JAX
Etcheverry, M., Levin, M., Moulin-Frier, C., and Oudeyer, P.-Y. (2023)
arXiv, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2307.08452
Embryos Assist Each Other’s Morphogenesis: calcium and ATP signaling mechanisms in collective resistance to teratogens
Tung, A., Sperry, M., Clawson, W., Pavuluri, A., Bulatao, S., Yue, M., Flores, R. M., Pai, V. McMillen, P., Kuchling, F., and Levin, M. (2023)
OSF Preprints, doi:10.31219/osf.io/ps987
Aging as a morphostasis defect: a developmental bioelectricity perspective
Pio-Lopez, L., and Levin, M. (2023)
OSF Preprints, doi:10.31219/osf.io/wkhx4
Nested Selves: Self-Organisation and Shared Markov Blankets in Prenatal Development in Humans
Ciaunica, A., Levin, M., Rosas, F., and Friston, K. (2023)
PsyArXiv, doi:10.31234/osf.io/g8q5d
The Yin and Yang of Breast Cancer: Ion Channels as Determinants of Left-Right Functional Differences
Masuelli, S., Real, S., McMillen, P., Oudin, M., Levin, M., Roqué, M. (2023)
Preprints.org, 2023051160, doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1160.v1
Control flow in active inference systems
Fields, C., Fabrocini, F., Friston, K., Glazebrook, J. F., Hazan, H., Levin, M. and Marcianò, A. (2023)
arXiv, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2303.01514
Darwin’s Agential Materials: evolutionary implications of multi-scale competency in developmental biology
Levin, M. (2023)
OSF Preprints, doi:10.31219/osf.io/p23se
Towards an Ethics of Autopoietic Technology: Stress, Care, and Intelligence
Witkowski, O., Doctor, T., Solomonova, E., Duane, B., and Levin, M. (2023)
PsyArXiv, doi:10.31234/osf.io/pjrd2
Identification of a pharmaceutical biostasis inducer that slows metabolism in multiple vertebrates that do not hibernate
Sperry, M. M., Charrez, B., Fotowat, H., Gardner, E., Pilobello, K., Izadifar, Z., Lin, T., Kuelker, A., Kaki, S., Lewandowski, M., Lightbown, S., Martinez, R., Marquez, S., Sesay, A., Shcherbina, K., Takeda, T., Andrijauskaite, K., Cisneros, E., Lopez, R., Cano, I., Maxwell, Z., Veraza, R., Bunegin, L., Percival, T. J., Yracheta, J., Pena, J. J., Wood, D. M., Homas, Z. T., Hinshaw, C. J., Cox-Hinshaw, J., Parry, O. G., Sleeter, J. J., Weitzel, E., Levin, M., Super, M., Novak, R., and Ingber, D. E. (2023)
bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2023.02.27.530270
Information integration during bioelectric regulation of morphogenesis in the embryonic frog brain
Manicka, S., Pai, V. P, and Levin, M. (2023)
bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2023.01.08.523164
Morphoceuticals: perspectives for discovery of drugs targeting anatomical control mechanisms in regenerative medicine, cancer, and aging
Pio-Lopez, L., and Levin, M. (2022)
OSF Preprints, doi:10.31219/osf.io/7hxnp
There’s Plenty of Room Right Here: Biological Systems as Evolved, Overloaded, Multi-scale Machines
Bongard, J., and Levin, M. (2022)
arXiv, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2212.10675
The scaling of goals via homeostasis: an evolutionary simulation, experiment and analysis
Pio-Lopez, L., Bischof, J., LaPalme, J. V., and Levin, M. (2022)
arXiv, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2211.08522
Cellular Signaling Pathways as Plastic, Proto-cognitive Systems: Implications for Biomedicine
Mathews, J., Chang, J., Devlin, L., and Levin, M. (2022)
OSF Preprints, doi:10.31219/osf.io/c6n9r
Closing the Loop on Morphogenesis: A Mathematical Model of Morphogenesis by Closed-Loop Reaction-Diffusion
Grodstein, J., and Levin, M. (2022)
arXiv, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2211.01313
Exploring The Behavior of Bioelectric Circuits using Evolution Heuristic Search
Hazan, H., and Levin, M. (2022)
bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2022.10.23.513361
Regulative development as a model for origin of life and artificial life studies
Fields, C., and Levin, M. (2022)
PsyArXiv, doi:10.31234/osf.io/rdt7f
The Brain is not Mental! Coupling Neuronal and Immune Cellular Processing in Human Organisms
Ciaunica, A., and Levin, M. (2022)
PsyArXiv, doi:10.31234/osf.io/fgcy5
Motile Living Biobots Self-Construct from Adult Human Somatic Progenitor Seed Cells
Gumuskaya, G., Srivastava, P., Cooper, B. G., Lesser, H., Semegran, B., Garnier, S., and Levin, M. (2022)
bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2022.08.04.502707
Competency of the Developmental Layer Alters Evolutionary Dynamics in an Artificial Embryogeny Model of Morphogenesis
Shreesha, L., and Levin, M. (2022)
arXiv, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2207.14729
The nonlinearity of regulation in biological networks
Manicka, S., Johnson, K., Levin, M., and Murrugarra, D. (2022)
bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.12.22.473903
Information Theory as an experimental tool for integrating disparate biophysical signaling modules
McMillen, P., and Levin, M. (2022)
Preprints.org, doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0376.v1
Active Inference, Morphogenesis, and Computational Psychiatry
Pio-Lopez, L., Kuchling, F., Tung, A., Pezzulo, G., and Levin, M. (2022)
PsyArXiv, doi:10.31234/osf.io/4gp6c
Screening biophysical sensors and actuators that influence wound healing in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons
Pai, V. P., Cooper, B., and Levin, M. (2022)
Preprints.org, 2022070083, doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0083.v1
Biological Robots: Perspectives on an Emerging Interdisciplinary Field
Blackiston, D., Kriegman, S., Bongard, J., and Levin, M. (2022)
arXiv, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2207.00880
Synthetic Morphology via Active and Agential Matter
Davies, J., and Levin, M. (2022)
OSF Preprints, doi:10.31219/osf.io/xrv8h
Collective Intelligence of Morphogenesis as a Teleonomic Process
Levin, M. (2022)
PsyArXiv, doi:10.31234/osf.io/hqc9b
Competency in Navigating Arbitrary Spaces: Intelligence as an Invariant for Analyzing Cognition in Diverse Embodiments
Fields, C., and Levin, M. (2022)
PsyArxiv, doi:10.31234/osf.io/87nzu
Target-agnostic discovery of Rett Syndrome therapeutics by coupling computational network analysis and CRISPR-enabled in vivo disease modeling
Novak, R., Lin, T., Kaushal, S., Sperry, M., Vigneault, F., Gardner, E., Loomba, S., Shcherbina, K., Keshari, V. , Dinis, A., Vasan, A., Chandrasekhar, V., Takeda, T., Turner, J. R., Levin, M., and Ingber, D. E. (2022)
bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2022.03.20.485056doi
Memory via Temporal Delays in weightless Spiking Neural Network
Hazan, H., Caby, S., Earl, C., Siegelmann, H., and Levin, M. (2022)
arXiv, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2202.07132
Neurons as hierarchies of quantum reference frames
Fields, C., Glazebrook, J. F., and Levin, M. (2022)
arXiv, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2201.00921
Biology, Buddhism, and AI: Care as the Driver of Intelligence
Doctor, T., Witkowski, O., Solomonova, E., Duane, B., and Levin, M. (2022)
MindRxiv, 10 Mar. 2022
Technological Approach to Mind Everywhere (TAME): an experimentally-grounded framework for understanding diverse bodies and minds
Levin, M. (2021)
PsyArXiv, doi:10.31234/osf.io/t6e8p
Enhancers of host immune tolerance to bacterial infection discovered using linked computational and experimental approaches
Sperry, M., Novak, R., Keshari, V., Dinis, A. L. M., Cartwright, M. J., Camacho, D. M., Pare, J-F, Super, M., Levin, M., and Ingber, D. E. (2021)
bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.09.30.462576
Physarum polycephalum: Establishing an Assay for Testing Decision-making Under Shifting Somatic Boundaries
Levin, S. P., and Levin, M. (2021)
bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.10.17.464734
Potassium channel-driven bioelectric signaling regulates metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer
Payne, S. K., Ram, P., Srinivasan, D. H., Le, T. T., Levin, M., and Oudin, M. J. (2021)
bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.04.06.438714
Metabolic limits on classical information processing by biological cells
Fields, C., and Levin, M. (2021)
arXiv, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2103.17061
Scale invariant robot behavior with fractals
Kriegman, S., Nasab, A. M., Blackiston, D., Steele, H., Levin, M., Kramer-Bottiglio, R., and Bongard, R. (2021)
arXiv, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2103.04876
Formation and Spontaneous Long-Term Repatterning of Headless Planarian Flatworms
Bischof, J., LaPalme, J., Miller, K., Morokuma, J., Williams, K., Fields, C., and Levin, M. (2021)
bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.01.15.426822
Epigenetic immune-modulation by Histone Deacetylase Activity (HDAC) of tissue and organ regeneration in Xenopus laevis
Pentagna, N., Soares dos Santos, F., Martins de Almeida, F., Abreu, J. G., Levin, M., and Carneiro, K. (2020)
bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.02.05.936294
BindsNET – A Framework for Spiking Neuronal Simulation
Hazan, H., Levin, M. (2020)
Medium
Evolution leads to emergence: An analysis of protein interactomes across the tree of life
Hoel, E., Klein, B., Swain, A., Grebenow, R., Levin, M. (2020)
bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.05.03.074419
Mechanosensation Mediates Long-Range Spatial Decision-Making in an Aneural Organism
Murugan, N., Kaltman, D., Jin, H., Chien, M., Flores, R., Nguyen, C., Tuzoff, D., Minabutdinov, A., Kane, A., Novak, R., and Ingber, D. (2020)
bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.03.20.985523
Scalable sim-to-real transfer of soft robot designs
Kriegman, S., Nasab, A. M., Shah, D., Steele, H., Branin, G., Levin, M., Bongard, J., and Kramer-Bottiglio, R. (2020)
arXiv, doi:10.48550/arXiv.1911.10290
S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase regulates anterior patterning in Dugesia japonica
Reinmets, K., Bischof, J., Taketa, E., Levin, M., and Fuchs, S. M. (2020)
bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.01.22.916072
Automated shapeshifting for function recovery in damaged robots
Kriegman, S., Walker, S., Shah, D., Levin, M., Kramer-Bottiglio, R., and Bongard, J. (2019)
arXiv, doi: 10.15607/RSS.2019.XV.028
Modeling somatic computation with non-neural bioelectric networks
Manicka, S., and Levin., M. (2019)
arXiv, doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54859-8
Bistability of Somatic Pattern Memories: Stochastic Outcomes in Bioelectric Circuits Underlying Regeneration
Pezzulo, G., LaPalme, J., Durant, F., and Levin, M. (2019)
Preprints.org, 2019110348
von Willebrand Factor D and EGF Domains is an evolutionarily conserved and required feature of blastemas capable of multi-tissue appendage regeneration
Leigh, N. D., Sessa, S., Dragalzew, A. C., Payzin-Dogru, D., Sousa, J. F., Aggouras, A., Johnson, K., Dunlap, G. S., Haas, B. J., Levin, M., Schneider, I., and Whited, J. L. (2019)
bioRxiv, doi: 10.1101/842948
A comprehensive conceptual and computational dynamics framework for Autonomous Regeneration Systems
Minh-Thai, T.N., Samarasinghe, S., and Levin, M. (2019)
bioRxiv, doi: 10.1101/820613
Nervous System and Tissue Polarity Dynamically Adapt to New Morphologies in Planaria
Bischof, J., Day, M.E., Miller, K.A., LaPalme, J., and Levin, M. (2019)
bioRxiv, doi: 10.1101/815688
Defined extracellular ionic solutions to study and manipulate the cellular resting membrane potential
Bonzanni, M., Payne, S. L., Adelfio, M., Kaplan, D. L., Levin, M., and Oudin, M.J. (2019)
bioRxiv, doi: 10.1101/785444
Cellular Migration May Exhibit Intrinsic Left-Right Asymmetries: A meta-analysis
Sullivan, K. G., Vandenberg, L. N., and Levin, M. (2018)
bioRxiv, doi: 10.1101/052191
Effects of Ivermectin exposure on regeneration of D. dorotocephala planaria
Ferenc, N. N., and Levin, M. (2017)
bioRxiv, doi: 10.1101/186650
From cytoskeletal dynamics to organ asymmetry: a non-linear, regulative pathway underlies left-right patterning
McDowell, G. S., Rajadurai, S., and Levin, M. (2016)
bioRxiv, doi: 10.1101/052191