Department of Biology

Synthetic Morphology

Open problems in synthetic multicellularity
Solé, R., Conde–Pueyo, N., Pla–Mauri, J., Garcia–Ojalvo, J., Montserrat, N., Levin, M. (2024)
npj Systems Biology and Applications 10, 151 (2024) doi: 10.1038/s41540-024-00477-8

Self-Amputating and Interfusing Machines
Yang, B., Nasab, A. M., Woodman, S.J., Thomas, E., Tilton, L.G., Levin, M., Kramer-Bottiglio, R. (2024)
Advanced Materials 2024, 2400241, doi:10.1002/adma.202400241

Motile Living Biobots Self-Construct from Adult Human Somatic Progenitor Seed Cells
Gumuskaya, G., Srivastava, P., Cooper, B. G., Lesser, H., Semegran, B., Garnier, S., and Levin, M. (2023)
Advanced Science, doi:10.1002/advs.202303575

Endless forms most beautiful 2.0: teleonomy and the bioengineering of chimaeric and synthetic organisms
Clawson, W. P., and Levin, M. (2023)
Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 139(4): 457-486

Biological Robots: Perspectives on an Emerging Interdisciplinary Field
Blackiston, D., Kriegman, S., Bongard, J., and Levin, M. (2023)
Soft Robotics, 10(4): 694-686

Kinematic self-replication in reconfigurable organisms
Kriegman, S., Blackiston, D., Levin, M., and Bongard, J. (2021)
Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 118(49): e2112672118

Life, death, and self: Fundamental questions of primitive cognition viewed through the lens of body plasticity and synthetic organisms
Levin, M. (2021)
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 564: 114-133

Synthetic living machines: A new window on life
Ebrahimkhani, M., and Levin, M. (2021)
iScience, 24(5): 102505

Gene Regulatory Networks Exhibit Several Kinds of Memory: Quantification of Memory in Biological and Random Transcriptional Networks
Biswas, S., Manicka, S., Hoel, E., and Levin, M. (2021)
iScience, 24(3): 102131

A cellular platform for the development of synthetic living machines
Blackiston, D., Lederer, E., Kriegman, S., Garnier, S., Bongard, J., and Levin, M. (2021)
Science Robotics, 6(52): eabf1571

Unlimited plasticity of embodied, cognitive subjects: a new playground for the UAL framework
Levin, M. (2021)
Biology and Philosophy, 36(2): 17

Applications and ethics of computer-designed organisms
Levin, M., Bongard, J., and Lunshof, J. E. (2020)
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 21(11): 655–656

A Scalable Pipeline for Designing Reconfigurable Organisms
Kriegman, S., Blackiston, D., Levin, M., and Bongard, J. (2020) 
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, 117(4): 1853-1859